All Articles

India’s merger control regime has entered a new phase. With 128 combination filings in 2024 alone, the Competition Commission of India (“CCI”) has signaled a more expansive, faster, and sharper enforcement framework which is reshaping how deals must be structured, assessed, and timed.

The article ‘Navigating AI-related combinations in India’ discusses how the Indian merger control framework is likely to treat combinations relating to AI entities, drawing insights from the orders of CCI in technology and data-driven markets.

“Can machines think?” was the question raised back in 1950 by Alan Turing while contemplating a method for assessing machine intelligence. This groundbreaking idea laid the foundation for Artificial Intelligence (“AI”), which has since evolved from a theoretical concept into a powerful force shaping industries and daily life.

India has formally entered the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) era with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 now in force and the DPDP Rules, 2025 duly notified. Together, they establish a comprehensive statutory framework governing how digital personal data must be collected, processed, stored, and protected.

This article examines the emerging legal battle between Amazon and Perplexity, triggered by Comet’s agentic shopping feature that allows users to describe their needs and delegate the entire purchasing journey to AI. Amazon has alleged that such autonomous activity violates its terms of use and constitutes unauthorised access under U.S. computer fraud laws, citing cybersecurity and user-safety concerns. Perplexity, however, characterises Comet as a lawful “user agent,” acting